Central Vs Distributed Version Control System

Centralized Version Control System (CVCS): Arrangement for version control where there is single central repository (server) which hold different versions of code of a project. Developers directly commit their code to this central repository and pull the changes made by others from this server.

Flow of work in this type of version control :

  1. Checkout the latest version of the code from a central repository, containing changes of other developers as well. This will lock the repository for editing so no one is able to push changes until one person finishes committing his/her changes.
  2. Make your own changes in the code on top of pulled version of code.
  3. Commit/Merge the changes back into the central repository.

Distributed Version Control System (DVCS): In these version control systems, along with the central repository (server), individual developers will also have a copy of the entire history or version of the code and all its branches in their local server or machine.

Flow of work in this type of version control :

  1. Clone the central repository on local machine. This also contains all the branches of the repository.
  2. Push all changes on local repository branch.
  3. Request merging of changes on local branch to central repository.
  4. Owner/manager of central repository verifies the changes and merges to master on central repository.

Tabular differences between CVSC and DVCS:

CVCSDVCS
History of commits /changes
are only present on the centralized sever.
History of commits /changes
are present centrally but is also mirrored on each system.
If the server is down, the changes on machines of individual members cannot be saved to central repository.Individuals can keep committing to their local repository even if central repository is unavailable.
Relatively slower as for each commit, as
interaction needs to be done directly with the server.
Faster, as every commit need not go to central repository.
The repository is available for committing to
single user at time and is locked for editing during this period.
No problem of locking.
Until the lock is released, another user can not commit to repository. Changes can be done on local repository and can be requested to be merged to master branch on central repository later.
Examples-Subversion, Team Foundation ServerExamples- Git, Mercurial

Learn more about one of the most widely used DVCS systems in following articles:
Introduction to GIT
Getting Started with GIT

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