Introduction to Git

Source code management

Source code management (SCM) is used to keep a track of changes in the source code repository. A repository is nothing but collection of source code. As software project grow in lines of code and number of contributors/ developers, the cost of communication overhead and management complexity also grow. SCM tracks a running history of changes to a code base and helps resolve conflicts when merging updates from multiple contributors.

Source code management best practices

Commit often:  Commits are cheap and easy to make. They should be made often to capture updates to a code base.

Ensure you’re working from latest version: SCM enables rapid updates from multiple developers. It’s easy to have a local copy of the codebase fall behind the global copy. Make sure to git pull or fetch the latest code before making updates. This will help avoid conflicts at merge time.

Commit log messages: Each commit has a corresponding log entry. At the time of commit creation, this log entry is populated with a message. It is important to leave descriptive explanatory commit log messages. These commit log messages should explain the “why” and “what” that encompass the commits content.

Review changes before committing: SCM’s offer a ‘staging area’. The staging area can be used to collect a group of edits before writing them to a commit. The staging area can be used to manage and review changes before creating the commit snapshot.

Use branches: Branching is a powerful SCM mechanism that allows developers to create a separate line of development. Branches should be used frequently as they are quick and inexpensive. Branches enable multiple developers to work in parallel on separate lines of development. These lines of development are generally different product features. When development is complete on a branch it is then merged into the master line of development.

What is Git?

Git is an Open Source Distributed Version Control System. Control System basically means that, Git is used to track contents. It can be used to store contents – mostly used to store software code. We call it Version Control System because the code, which is stored in git, keeps changing frequently as many developers add code simultaneously. So, to keep track of these frequent changes, version control system plays a vital role by maintaining a history of what changes have taken place. Version control also known as source control, is the practice of tracking and managing changes to software code. Git has a remote repository stored in a server and local repository which is stored in the local machine of each developer. It means full copy of code is not only stored in central server but also present in all the developer’s machine. Therefore, Git is a distributed version control system.

Need for version control system

In real practice, while working with multiple developers, it is necessary to keep track of changes done by each developer and make sure each developer works on the latest version of code. Thus, Version control system like git is required to ensure there are no conflicts in the code between multiple developers.

Working in software development methodologies like agile, leads to change in software requirements often. So, a version control system allows developers to revert and switch back to an older version of the code.

Download Git

Installing on Windows

There are few ways to install git on windows. The most official build is available for download on the Git website. Just go to https://git-scm.com/download/win and select suitable setup package, the download will start automatically.

Installing on Linux

If you want to install the basic Git tools on Linux via a binary installer, you can generally do so through the package management tool that comes with your distribution. If you’re on Fedora (or any closely-related RPM-based distribution, such as RHEL or CentOS), you can use dnf

$ sudo dnf install git-all

If you’re on a Debian-based distribution, such as Ubuntu, try apt:

$ sudo apt install git-all

For more options, there are instructions for installing on several different Unix distributions on the Git website, at https://git-scm.com/download/linux.

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