These are used to avoid duplication of code for reusable configurations that need to be done for multiple RESTful request and response validations.
Request Specification
‘RequestSpecification’ interface provided by Rest Assured is used to club and extract repetitive actions like setting up base URL, headers, HTTP verbs etc which may be common for multiple Rest calls. The extracted common code can be used in different requests thereby reducing number of lines of code and increasing maintainability.
Illustration:
Consider following JUnit test cases which are written to test an API endpoint.
As evident, most of the request configurations as highlighted by red block are common to both the test cases yet they are duplicated. In an exhaustive test suite this can easily become and overhead to write all these duplicate codes which is also hard to maintain in case some data needs to be changed across all test cases.
Request specifications come handy in such situation by extracting these common test parameters as a separate entity and used across all the test cases. Below example demonstrates the same
As depicted in above figure, we extracted the common request setup in a separate base test case using RequestSpecification interface and used it in the actual test cases. Hence overcoming redundancy and enhancing reusability and maintainability of the code.
Response Specification
‘ResponseSpecification’ interface comes handy in situation where similar set of assertions need to be done for several Rest requests. It achieves this by grouping common assertions into a ResponseSpecBuilder instance and using this instance for validations in multiple tests.
Illustration:
Consider these tests for a hypothetical API.
As depicted, both these tests have 3 common assertions (as highlighted by red rectangle) which are repeated. Now if the API behaviour changes to return different content type, the assertions at 2 places would need to be corrected. This becomes a maintenance overhead.
Below diagram illustrates how the Response Specification helps in removing this redundancy.
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